Journal of Physical Education and Public Health

تحليل تأثير المتغيرات النفسية على الأداء الرياضي لدى طلاب كلية التربية الرياضية جامعة تكريت

2026-08-25T11:55:27+00:00

يسعى هذا البحث إلى تقديم إضافة علمية من خلال دراسة مستوى الوعي الصحي والبيئي واللياقة النفسية لدى طلبة كلية التربية البدنية وعلوم الرياضة، والتعرّف على طبيعة العلاقة بينهما. كما يهدف إلى الكشف عن مدى تمتع الطلبة بهذه الجوانب وأثرها في أدائهم الرياضي، استخدم الباحث المنهج الوصفي وبالأسلوب المسحي ، اشتمل مجتمع البحث طلبة كلية التربية البدنية وعلوم الرياضة جامعة تكريت للسنة الدراسية (2024-2025) ، كما استخدم مقياسي الوعي الصحي والبيئي , اللياقة النفسية ، وتوصلت الدراسة إلى أن طلبة كلية التربية البدنية وعلوم الرياضة في جامعة تكريت خلال العام الدراسي يتمتعون بدرجة متميزة من الوعي الصحي والبيئي، إضافة إلى مستوى جيد من اللياقة النفسية. كما أظهرت النتائج وجود علاقة ارتباطية إيجابية بين الوعي الصحي والبيئي واللياقة النفسية لدى الطلبة.

The Possibility of Adopting Blockchain technology in Enhancing Strategic Sustainability: An Exploratory Study on a Sample of Deluxe Hotels in Baghdad

2026-08-25T12:03:43+00:00

This research aims to establish a foundation of intellectual work to connect variables, starting with theoretical grounding and reviewing the most important intellectual opinions related to them. It then extends to field testing of the conceptual relationship between blockchain and strategic sustainability in a crucial work environment such as the hotel industry. The research problem lies in the fact that hotel management and those working in the tourism sector in general face a real structural challenge that must be addressed if these entities wish to keep pace with global tourism and hotel organizations, which have reached highly advanced performance standards. This can be observed through advanced tourism experiences at both the regional and global levels. The research sample consisted of (57) observations from members of management teams in hotels classified as premium in Baghdad. The opinions were analyzed using appropriate statistical mechanisms. The results of the statistical analysis showed that the sample members expressed positive opinions about the idea of accepting blockchain and achieving acceptance for using the system within hotel organizations. However, this does not reach the stage of full adoption of the system due to the limited knowledge of employees within the hotel organizations regarding the importance of the system. One of the most important recommendations is the necessity for hotel managements to be open to adopting methodologies. Modern digital technologies, foremost among them blockchain, necessitate the preparation of all the material and human resources required to ensure the success of such experiments, even if implemented gradually. This transformation requires sufficient time, particularly given the complex and challenging environment in Iraq.

SPORT AND PSYCHOMOTRICITY AS CATALYSTS FOR SUSTAINABLE COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT: ADVANCING SOCIAL INCLUSION, HEALTH PROMOTION, AND HUMAN CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT IN RIVERS STATE, NIGERIA

2026-08-25T12:12:57+00:00

Sport has increasingly been recognized as a strategic instrument for achieving sustainable development through its contributions to social inclusion, health promotion, and human capital development. However, empirical evidence on the combined role of sport and psychomotricity in fostering sustainable community development remains limited, particularly in developing countries such as Nigeria. This study investigated the contributions of sport and psychomotricity to sustainable community development in Rivers State, Nigeria, with emphasis on their influence on social inclusion, health promotion, human capital development, and the mediating role of psychomotor competence. A mixed-methods cross-sectional research design was adopted. Data were collected from 348 respondents (representing an 87% response rate) selected through a multistage sampling technique using structured questionnaires, key informant interviews, and focus group discussions. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, multiple regression analysis, and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), while qualitative data were subjected to thematic analysis. The findings revealed that sport participation and psychomotor competence significantly contributed to sustainable community development through social inclusion, health promotion, and human capital development (R² = 0.659, F = 111.28, p < .001). The SEM results further demonstrated that psychomotor competence significantly mediated the relationship between community sport participation and sustainable community development (β = 0.251, p = .001), indicating that improvements in coordination, balance, body awareness, agility, and motor competence strengthened the developmental impact of community sport. Qualitative findings corroborated the quantitative results by highlighting the roles of community sport in promoting peace, social cohesion, healthy lifestyles, leadership development, youth empowerment, and community resilience, while identifying inadequate infrastructure, insufficient government support, and limited integration of psychomotor programmes as major barriers. The study concludes that integrating structured psychomotor education into community sport programmes can significantly enhance sustainable community development. It recommends increased investment in community sport infrastructure, inclusive sport policies, and multi-sectoral partnerships to strengthen sport-for-development initiatives and accelerate the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals in Rivers State and similar developing contexts.

Effectiveness of a Blended Training Program in Developing the Most Important Supervisory Competencies of Physical Education Supervisors in Nineveh Governorate

2026-08-25T12:19:53+00:00

Prepare a blended training program based on modern scientific foundations to develop the most important supervisory competencies of educational supervisors specializing in physical education in Nineveh Governorate, build a scale for the most important supervisory competencies of educational supervisors specializing in physical education in Nineveh Governorate and identify the level of supervisory competencies among physical education supervisors before applying the blended training program.
There are statistically significant differences between the values of the pre-test and post-test results in developing the most important supervisory competencies of specialized educational supervisors, in favor of the post-test results.
The researcher used the experimental method as appropriate for the research problem and its application.
Population: Supervisors specialized in physical education belonging to the Educational Supervision Department – Nineveh Directorate of Education, with work experience ranging between 10–15 years during the academic year 2025–2026. The total number was 120 supervisors.
Sample: For building the scale and conducting the research tests: 120 supervisors (100% of the population).
for applying the experimental program: 60 supervisors specialized in physical education supervision in Nineveh Governorate (50% of the population).
•The researcher used SPSS v25 and several related statistical formulas to obtain the results of the current research.

Role of the Nordic Hamstring Exercise in Football Players: A Narrative Review

2026-08-25T12:25:38+00:00

Hamstring strain injuries (HSIs) remain one of the most common and burdensome injuries in football (soccer), with substantial time-loss and high recurrence rates. Over the past decade the Nordic Hamstring Exercise (NHE) has become widely studied as a targeted eccentric training intervention to reduce HSI incidence, increase.
eccentric knee-flexor strength, and alter muscle architecture. This narrative review synthesises evidence from the last 10 years (2015–2025) on the effectiveness, mechanisms, performance effects, implementation barriers, and practical prescription of the NHE in football players. Literature from peer-reviewed journals demonstrates that NHE improves eccentric hamstring strength, increases fascicle length, and significantly lowers injury incidence when performed consistently. Despite strong evidence, adoption in professional football remains inconsistent due to perceived barriers such as soreness, time constraints, and lack of coaching support. The review concludes that consistent implementation of a progressive NHE programme can markedly reduce hamstring injury risk in football, improve muscular resilience, and enhance player longevity.
Practical recommendations for coaches and clinicians are provided.

Multiple Coupling Mechanisms for Advancing Sports-Medicine Integration: Practical Pathways for Health Promotion and Collaborative Governance in China

2026-08-25T12:30:22+00:00

Sports-medicine integration represents a critical pathway for the synergistic evolution of sports and healthcare systems under China's "Healthy China" strategy. Drawing upon coupling theory and pilot practices of sports-medicine integration across multiple regions in China, this paper analyzes the dynamic relationships between sports and healthcare systems from loose coupling to tight coupling and subsequently to hybrid coupling. Based on modularity thinking, it constructs multiple coupling mechanisms encompassing product modularity, process modularity, organizational modularity, and supporting systematization. Through case studies of typical practices in Tianjin, Shenzhen, Shanghai, Xiamen, Changzhou, and Suzhou, this paper reveals the critical pathways for translating the concept of sports-medicine integration into practical implementation, providing actionable methodological guidance for deepening sports-medicine integration while enriching the application of coupling theory in public health governance.

The Effectiveness of a Counseling Program Based on Mental Sustainability in Reducing Burnout among Al-Qadisiyah University Handball Team Players

2026-08-25T12:59:01+00:00

This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of a counseling program based on mental sustainability in reducing burnout among the handball players of Al-Qadisiyah University team. The researcher adopted the experimental method using a one-group pretest–posttest design. The study sample consisted of 14 players selected purposively. The Athlete Burnout Scale was used to measure the dimensions of emotional/physical exhaustion reduced sense of accomplishment and sport devaluation. The counseling program consisted of 13 sessions, implemented at a rate of two sessions per week during the period from January 3, 2026, to March 16, 2026. The data were analyzed using the arithmetic mean standard deviation paired-samples t-test and effect size. The results showed statistically significant differences between the pretest and posttest measurements in the level of burnout. The mean score decreased from 72.64 to 54.21, with a t-value of 8.37 at a significance level of 0.001, while the effect size reached 2.24. The study concluded that the counseling program based on mental sustainability was effective in reducing burnout among the players. It recommends integrating sports psychological counseling programs into the preparation of university teams

حين يُعيق العقل الجسد العين الهادئة والقلق التنافسي والعملية الساخرة كمنبئات بالأداء المهاري لناشئي لاعبي التنس

2026-08-25T13:03:33+00:00

هدفت الدراسة إلى الكشف عن طبيعة العلاقات بين تدريب العين الهادئة ونظرية العملية الساخرة والقلق التنافسي والتركيز الانتباهي الخارجي، وقدرتها التنبؤية بمستوى الأداء المهاري لدى ناشئي لاعبي التنس الأرضي. اعتُمد المنهج الوصفي الارتباطي على عيّنة قصدية مكوّنة من (20) لاعباً ناشئاً ذكوراً أعمارهم (14–18) سنة. قِيست العين الهادئة ببروتوكول مدة التثبيت البصري (QED)، والتركيز الانتباهي الخارجي وعرضت العملية الساخرة بمقياس TAIS-Sport، والقلق التنافسي بقائمة CSAI-2R. أظهرت النتائج ارتباطاً موجباً دالاً بين مدة العين الهادئة والتركيز الانتباهي الخارجي (r = .71**) وارتباطاً سالباً دالاً بين القلق المعرفي وكلٍّ من QED (r = −.64**) والأداء (r = −.58**). وأسهمت المتغيرات الأربعة مجتمعةً في تفسير (71%) من تباين الأداء المهاري. تُقدّم الدراسة نموذجاً رباعياً متكاملاً يُحدّد الروابط الوظيفية بين الانتباه البصري والقلق والأتمتة الحركية، ويُوصي بدمج تدريب العين الهادئة مع التدخلات الموجّهة لخفض القلق المعرفي في منظومة التدريب النفسي لناشئي التنس.

إثر تمرينات جهد المنافسة في تطوير القوة السريعة وتحمل الأداء لدى لاعبي كرة السلة

2026-08-26T22:17:29+00:00

هدف البحث إلى إعداد تمرينات بجهد المنافسة والتعرف على أثرها في تطوير القوة السريعة وتحمل الأداء لدى لاعبي كرة السلة. واستخدم الباحثان المنهج التجريبي بتصميم المجموعتين التجريبية والضابطة ذات الاختبارين القبلي والبعدي. وتكون مجتمع البحث من (16) لاعبًا من لاعبي نادي الكرخ الرياضي لكرة السلة للموسم الرياضي 2024–2025، تم اختيارهم بأسلوب الحصر الشامل وتقسيمهم إلى مجموعتين متساويتين بواقع (8) لاعبين لكل مجموعة. وطبق على المجموعة التجريبية برنامج تدريبي باستخدام تمرينات جهد المنافسة لمدة (8) أسابيع، بواقع (3) وحدات تدريبية أسبوعيًا وبمجموع (24) وحدة تدريبية، في حين استمرت المجموعة الضابطة بالبرنامج التدريبي المتبع. واعتمد الباحثان اختبارات القوة السريعة للذراعين والرجلين وتحمل الأداء، واستخدمت الحقيبة الإحصائية (SPSS) لمعالجة البيانات. وأظهرت النتائج وجود فروق دالة إحصائيًا في الاختبارات البعدية لصالح المجموعة التجريبية، مما يدل على فاعلية تمرينات جهد المنافسة في تطوير القوة السريعة وتحمل الأداء لدى لاعبي كرة السلة

تأثير الإجهاد التراكمي خلال الموسم التنافسي على مؤشرات اللياقة البدنية واستدامة الأداء لدى لاعبي كرة القدم

2026-08-30T18:15:27+00:00

هدف البحث إلى التعرف على تأثير الإجهاد التراكمي خلال الموسم التنافسي في مؤشرات اللياقة البدنية واستدامة الأداء لدى لاعبي كرة القدم الناشئين، والكشف عن طبيعة العلاقة بين مستوى الإجهاد وكل من القدرات البدنية والقدرة على المحافظة على مستوى الأداء خلال المنافسات. استخدم الباحث المنهج الوصفي بأسلوب العلاقات الارتباطية لملاءمته طبيعة مشكلة البحث، واشتملت عينة البحث على (30) لاعبًا ناشئًا من لاعبي الأندية المحلية في مدينة الناصرية – محافظة ذي قار. وتمت متابعة أفراد العينة خلال المدة من 1/10/2025 ولغاية 1/3/2026، من خلال ثلاثة قياسات أجريت في بداية الموسم ومنتصفه ونهاية مدة المتابعة.

اعتمد البحث على مجموعة من مؤشرات الحمل الداخلي والخارجي، شملت المسافة المقطوعة والسرعة والتسارعات والتباطؤات ومعدل الجهد المدرك (RPE) وإنزيم الكرياتين كيناز (CK)، فضلًا عن اختبارات السعة الهوائية وسرعة العدو لمسافة (30 م) والقفز العمودي (CMJ) والقدرة على تكرار الجهد عالي الشدة (RSA)، إلى جانب تحليل مؤشرات استدامة الأداء خلال المباريات. وأظهرت النتائج اتجاهًا تصاعديًا في مؤشرات الإجهاد مع تقدم مدة المتابعة، بالتزامن مع تراجع عدد من مؤشرات اللياقة البدنية واستدامة الأداء، كما ظهرت علاقات ارتباط عكسية بين الإجهاد التراكمي ومؤشرات اللياقة البدنية تراوحت بين (-0.59 و-0.74)، في حين سجلت استدامة الأداء أقوى علاقة عكسية مع الإجهاد بلغت (r=-0.81). واستنتج الباحث أن ارتفاع الإجهاد التراكمي يرتبط بتراجع الحالة البدنية وقدرة اللاعبين الناشئين على المحافظة على مستوى الأداء، مما يؤكد أهمية المراقبة المنتظمة للأحمال وتحقيق التوازن بين التدريب والمنافسة والاستشفاء خلال الموسم.

The effectiveness of well-planned tactical exercises in successfully executing a corner kick in football

2026-09-29T21:23:05+00:00

In football, there are many skills and variables, and these skills differ according to the players' abilities and skill levels. Therefore, sports training aims to minimize these differences through sound and scientifically planned training methods that encompass the entire team. Furthermore, a football team consists of eleven players, and for training to be successful and for results to be seen, there must be harmony, coordination, and understanding among the players. This is achieved through the continuity and repetition of tactical and skill-based exercises, resulting in coordinated movement patterns among the players. The well-thought-out tactical movements in football always achieve their movement goals, in addition to the enjoyment they bring when watching the ball move between the players’ feet with precision and skill. Conversely, when the balls are random and inaccurate, or when there is difficulty in moving the ball, most of the balls are cut off and useless, causing boredom and frustration for the viewer. These movement lessons are provided by the competent coach as a result of his experience in extracting what the team needs and choosing exercises that suit the capabilities of the players, their categories and even their positions. These exercises are specific to a particular goal, which may be offensive, defensive or to implement a static situation, all for the purpose of scoring goals. The corner kick or corner kick is one of the most important attacking situations that is considered a golden opportunity to score goals if it is executed correctly, and this requires training effort and intensive planned work. The corner kick, or corner kick, is a set piece in football and a significant source of goals if executed correctly. The researcher observed, through watching some Iraqi Second Division football matches, that set pieces, especially corner kicks, are executed haphazardly, relying solely on tall players, mostly defenders, without any prior agreement on specific movements or drills. The player taking the corner kick is simply tasked with getting the ball into the penalty area, and then it's up to the players on both sides to try and win back possession, which is often intercepted by the defense.

The Effect of Learning Units Based on the Osborn Model on Mental Imagery and Selected Fundamental Handball Skills among Students

2026-09-29T21:28:54+00:00

The study aimed to find out the effect of learning units based on the Osborn model on mental imagery and a set of basic handball skills for the second-grade students in the College of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Al-Qadisiyah. These students exhibited low levels of mental imagery and low-performance levels in several basic handball skills, which can be attributed to the conventional instruction that neglected the cognitive and thinking aspect of learning, so the researcher decided to use the Osborn model to gain the skills. Since the experimental design with two equivalent groups was most appropriate for the problem, it was selected. The subjects were selected from the 200 second year students of the College in the 2025/2026 academic year, excluding those who attended irregularly or were involved in competitive handball, as 20 students were randomly selected from each group (B) and (D). The results show that the mental imagery was improved by the learning units developed by Osborn and the basic skill variables studied were also improved, with the experimental group showing a significant difference in post-test compared to the control group. Based on the above, the researcher suggests adopting the model of Osborn in the process of teaching handball skills, as it has a positive impact on students' skill development and cognitive development.

تأثير تنمية الاستجابة الحركية على مستوى أداء بعض المهارات الهجومية لناشئي الريشة الطائرة

2026-09-30T19:26:28+00:00

يهدف البحث إلى تنمية الاستجابة الحركية لناشئى الريشة الطائرة تحت17سنة من خلال تصميم تدريبات بسيطة مركبة والتعرف على تاثير هذه التدريبات على بعض القدرات البدنية والمهارات الهجومية لناشئ الريشة الطائرة، وقد استخدم الباحث المنهج التجريبى لمناسبته لطبيعة البحث . واشتملت عينة البحث على عدد 26 لاعب من لاعبي الريشة الطائرة والمسجلين بالمركز التدريبى التابع للاتحاد العراقى وتم اختيار عينة البحث الاساسية وكان عددهم (16) وتم تقسيم العينة الاساسية الى (8) لاعبين مجموعة تجريبية و(8) لاعبين مجموعة ضابطة. وكانت أهم النتائج أن البرنامج التدريبي المقترح أدى الى تحسين جميع الاختبارات البدنية والمهارية الهجومية للمجموعة التجريبية قيد البحث. كما أدى البرنامج التدريبي المقترح الى تحسن المجموعة التجريبية على المجموعة الضابطة في الاختبارات البدنية والاختبارات المهارية الهجومية.

The Effect of Using the Concept Mapping Strategy with the Self-Check Style on Developing the Learning of Bounce Pass and Set Shot Skills in Basketball

2026-09-30T19:34:22+00:00

This research aims to identify the effect of the conceptual mapping strategy using the self-analysis method on the learning of rebounding and scoring management skills from consistency in basketball. The research sample consisted of first-stage students from the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Science at Al-Maaref University. The researchers adopted the experimental method to suit the nature of the research problem and used statistical package software (SPSS) to process the data statistically. The researchers concluded that the strategy of mapping concepts using the self-analysis method has a positive and effective effect on the learning of both skills studied. In light of these findings, the researchers recommend the need to combine traditional methods with modern educational strategies in the same classroom for the middle and university stages, as this contributes to generating expectation, spreading a spirit of cooperation, and deviating from the traditional pattern of learning the basic skills of various sports.

The Effect of Training Using the Pre tests of Pettlep Visualization Technique on The Handling Accuracy and Rapid Collective Attack of Female Handball Players

2026-09-30T19:42:49+00:00

This study examines the impact of the PETTLEP model-based imagery intervention on passing accuracy and collective fast break performance among female handball players at Al-Khalis Sports Club. Imagery intervention, a modern mental training method, enhances motor imagery and improves technical and tactical performance, essential for effective offensive play. Using a one-group experimental design with pre- and post-tests, the research involved 14 players, with 12 forming the main sample after excluding two for irregular attendance. A pilot study ensured test validity. Post-intervention data analysis via SPSS showed the effectiveness of the imagery training in enhancing players' performance. Recommendations include integrating imagery training in women's handball club practices and exploring its effects on various skills and age groups to further validate its benefits.

The Effect of a Proposed Pilates-Based Training Program on Selected Special Motor Abilities and Offensive Ground Wrestling Skills in Junior Greco-Roman Wrestlers

2026-09-30T19:52:43+00:00

The significance of this study lies in identifying the role of Pilates training in developing selected specific motor abilities and its effect on improving the performance level of offensive ground wrestling skills among junior Greco-Roman wrestlers. Pilates training provides an engaging and motivating training approach that can be implemented within a relatively short period appropriate to the participants' abilities, while avoiding boredom and the limitations of traditional training methods. The study aimed to design a proposed training program based on the Pilates method and to investigate its effect on selected specific motor abilities and the performance of offensive ground wrestling skills among junior wrestlers. The researchers employed the experimental method using a one-group pretest-posttest design. The research sample was selected purposively from the junior Greco-Roman wrestlers enrolled in the Specialized Wrestling School in Al-Diwaniyah and consisted of (12) wrestlers. The proposed Pilates training program was implemented for eight (8) weeks, with three (3) training sessions per week using the interval training method. Pretests and posttests were conducted, and the collected data were statistically analyzed. The study concluded that the proposed Pilates-based training program developed selected motor abilities, namely coordination, agility, and dynamic flexibility, and significantly improved offensive ground wrestling skills, including the gut wrench, lift, and reverse lift, among the junior wrestlers. The findings demonstrated the effectiveness and importance of the proposed program. The study also emphasized that training exercises should be designed according to the athletes' physical and motor capabilities to promote adaptation and enhance skill performance.