Journal of Physical Education and Public Health

EFFECTS OF FEEDBACK MECHANISMS ON THE ACQUISITION OF SELECTED FOOTBALL SKILLS AMONG STUDENTS OF BAYELSA STATE SPORTS ACADEMY, NIGERIA

Daniel Chinonso * Ochor — 2026-01-05

The study investigated the effects of feedback mechanisms on the acquisition of selected football skills passing, dribbling, shooting, and tackling among students of Bayelsa State Sports Academy, Nigeria. Five research questions and corresponding hypotheses guided the study. A quasi-experimental pre-test post-test control group design was adopted, involving a purposive sample of 40 students (male = 20; female = 20). A standardized football skill tests were administered, while descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (ANCOVA) were employed for data analysis at α = 0.05. Results revealed that feedback mechanisms significantly improved football passing skills (F(1,38) = 1.417, p < .05, partial η² = .028), dribbling skills (F(1,38) = 2.114, p < .05, partial η² = .041), shooting skills (F(1,38) = 1.944, p < .05, partial η² = .036), and tackling skills (F(1,38) = 2.027, p < .05, partial η² = .039). Furthermore, the intervention demonstrated positive effects across gender, with both male and female students showing meaningful improvements in overall skill acquisition. The study concludes that structured feedback mechanisms are critical to enhancing football skill acquisition among young athletes. The study recommended among others that coaches and sports educators integrate systematic feedback strategies into football training programmes to optimize performance outcomes.

The Historical Pathway of Iraqi Women’s Engagement in Physical Activity

Mohamed Ahmed Hassan — 2026-01-05

The historical trajectory of Iraqi women’s participation in physical activity and sports reflects a complex interplay of political social economic and cultural dynamics. Since the 1950s the foundations of institutional involvement were laid through the establishment of physical education colleges and institutes as well as scholarship programs for training female teachers. These developments represented a critical step toward opening educational and athletic spaces for women (Al-Khafaji, 2015). During the 1970s- and 1980s-women’s organizations and state-sponsored programs contributed to expanding female engagement marking a period of relative institutional empowerment for women’s sports in Iraq (UNESCO, 1979).

However, this trajectory was disrupted in the 1990s by the combined effects of war and economic sanctions. The deterioration of security and financial resources alongside the rise of conservative social norms significantly curtailed female participation in physical activity (Al-Haidari, 2004). Following 2003 new initiatives emerged from civil society academic institutions and international organizations to promote women’s sports. Yet these efforts remained limited due to persistent security concerns cultural restrictions and the absence of a coherent national strategy (Mahmood, 2017).

This study seeks to chart the historical stages of Iraqi women’s involvement in physical activity analyze the main factors shaping its progress or decline and explore future prospects through a socio-historical perspective. The significance of this research lies in offering a critical reading of how women’s physical activity intersects with broader gender dynamics thus providing deeper insight into the role of sport as a vehicle for social transformation in Iraq.

The Role of Enzymatic Activity in Enhancing Athletic Performance: A Biochemical Evaluation of Nutritional Supplement Efficacy in Sport Science

Ochor, Daniel Chinonso — 2026-01-05

Athletic performance is intricately linked to biochemical processes that govern energy metabolism, muscle contraction, and recovery, with enzymatic activity serving as a central determinant of physiological efficiency. Nutritional supplements that target key enzymes such as creatine kinase, ATPase, lactate dehydrogenase, and mitochondrial oxidases have gained prominence in sport science for their potential to enhance performance outcomes across strength, power, and endurance domains. This position paper critically evaluates the biochemical mechanisms by which these supplements influence enzymatic pathways, synthesizes empirical evidence supporting their efficacy, and examines the ethical, safety, and regulatory considerations associated with their use. Key issues discussed include fair play, athlete autonomy, contamination risks, long-term health effects, and compliance with World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) regulations. The paper argues that, when implemented responsibly under professional supervision and evidence-based protocols, enzyme-targeted nutritional supplementation constitutes a legitimate biochemical strategy for performance optimization. However, responsible use requires careful adherence to ethical principles, safety guidelines, and equitable access to resources. This synthesis provides a comprehensive framework for athletes, sport scientists, and policymakers seeking to integrate biochemical supplementation into contemporary sport practice while safeguarding integrity and athlete welfare.

Comparison of the partial and total method and its impact on learning some basketball skills Developing the sportsmanship of the students of the first intermediate grade

Lecturer / Waleed Muhammad Ali Hussein Al-Shahwani — 2026-01-05

- The research aims to identify - Identifying the differences between the partial and total methods and the command method in learning some basketball skills among the students of the first intermediate grade.- Identifying the differences between the partial and total methods and the command method in developing the sportsmanship among the students of the first intermediate grade. The researcher used the experimental method for its suitability and the nature of the research and its problem, the research sample was selected in a deliberate way represented by the students of the first intermediate grade in the Euphrates Middle School for Boys, who are (60) students, and the main experimental sample consisted of (45) students representing (75%) of the research sample, and this sample was divided into three experimental groups by following the random selection method using lottery with (15) students for each experimental group and the first experimental group was selected to which the partial method will be applied, the second experimental group to which the total method will be applied, and the third experimental group (control) to which the command method will be applied, and for the purpose of avoiding the effect of previous experiences in some students, as well as the presence of some anomalous values in the data of the research sample members that may affect the results of the research, the researcher relied on the exclusion of a number of students from the research sample in determining the research sample. This study was conducted in the first half of the academic year (2024/2025), as well as the sportsmanship scale was used for the third experimental groups under study, and the researcher used the following statistical methods, (standard deviation, variance analysis, percentage, Pearson correlation coefficient, Spearman correlation coefficient, Levens test for homogeneity).

The Role of Sport Psychologists in the Development of Sports in Nigeria: Challenges, Contributions, and Future prospects

Okorie, Okechukwu Iroechemma — 2026-01-05

Sport development in Nigeria has traditionally emphasized physical training, talent identification, and infrastructural investment, often with limited integration of psychological support services. This paper examines the role of sport psychologists in the development of sports in Nigeria, with particular attention to their contributions, existing challenges, and future prospects. Using a narrative and analytical review of empirical studies, policy documents, and professional practice reports, the study highlights how sport psychologists contribute to athlete performance enhancement, mental health support, talent development, coach education, and long-term athlete development pathways. Despite these contributions, the findings reveal persistent challenges including limited institutional recognition, inadequate professional integration within sports organizations, scarcity of trained practitioners, and low awareness among athletes and administrators. The paper argues that the underutilization of sport psychology services constrains holistic sports development in Nigeria. It concludes by proposing strategic pathways for integrating sport psychologists into national sports structures, including policy reform, professional training, interdisciplinary collaboration, and grassroots implementation. The study contributes to sport development literature by offering context-specific insights and recommendations for strengthening sport psychology practice in developing sporting nations.

فاعلية التعلم القائم على التفاعل الذهني في اكتساب بعض المهارات الأساسية بكرة قدم الصالات

امير احمد ياسر مجدي — 2026-01-12

يهدف البحث الى التعرف على اثر اسلوب التفاعل الذهني في تعليم بعض المهارات الاساسية بكرة قدم الصالات لدى طلبة كلية التربية البدنية وعلوم الرياضة. استخدم الباحث المنهج التجريبي بأسلوب المجموعتين المتكافئتين ذات الاختبارين القبلي والبعدي، وتكونت عينة البحث من طلبة المرحلة الثانية في جامعة بغداد. خضعت المجموعة الضابطة للمنهج التعليمي المتبع بالاسلوب التقليدي، في حين درست المجموعة التجريبية باستخدام اسلوب التفاعل الذهني. استمر تطبيق البرنامج التعليمي مدة (38) يوما بواقع وحدتين تعليميتين في الاسبوع وزمن الوحدة (80) دقيقة. اظهرت النتائج وجود فروق ذات دلالة احصائية بين الاختبارات القبلية والبعدية ولصالح الاختبارات البعدية، فضلا عن تفوق المجموعة التجريبية على الضابطة في الاختبارات البعدية. واستنتج الباحث فاعلية اسلوب التفاعل الذهني في تحسين تعلم مهارات كرة قدم الصالات.